Feasibility Evaluation of the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Weather Observations for Operational Weather Prediction

Hood, R. E., Wick, G. A., Black, M. L., Dunion, J. P., Cooten, S. V., Moorhead, R. J., & Walker, J. R. (2016). Feasibility Evaluation of the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Weather Observations for Operational Weather Prediction. 96th AMS Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA: AMS.

Abstract

The Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is assessing the feasibility of civilian applications of UAS to address critical gaps in the broad NOAA observing system. A key focus area of the NOAA UAS Program is evaluating how unmanned aircraft observing technologies may augment observations needed by the National Weather Service (NWS) to improve prediction and warning of high impact weather events. The NOAA UAS Program is employing field demonstrations of UAS concept of operations, data impact studies including observing system simulation experiments, and cost and operational feasibility studies to conduct comprehensive evaluations of UAS weather observing strategies. Development of a transition roadmap to mature viable UAS observing strategies for transition into operations has been a key goal of the UAS Program since its inception. A high altitude, long endurance UAS observing strategy using a Global Hawk is making significant progress thanks to partnerships with NOAA's operational stakeholders, other Federal agencies, academia, and private industry. This effort is a component of the Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) project that was initially funded by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 with subsequent funding provided by the NOAA UAS Program. The Global Hawk component of SHOUT will evaluate data impact, cost effectiveness, and operational efficiency of vertical atmospheric profiles of temperature, moisture, wind speed, and wind direction to assist with high impact weather forecasting of storms at sea in the event of a satellite observing gap. Another component of SHOUT is an examination of the feasibility of low altitude UAS to provide land use / land cover information of river regions for pre-flood analysis and to provide damage assessment information during post-flood events. This project component has begun with a pilot study conducted near the lower Pearl River region by the Northern Gulf Institute, which is a NOAA Cooperative Institute, and the NWS Lower Mississippi River Forecast Center. The newest component of SHOUT, currently in the brainstorming phase, is how to use small vertical takeoff and landing UAS along with low altitude fixed wing UAS as a network for Targeted Autonomous In situ Sensing and Rapid Response (TAISRR) observations for the planetary boundary layer. The NOAA UAS Program will be working with NOAA laboratories and field forecast offices, academia, and private industry to examine the viability of an autonomous TAISRR network to provide high resolution meteorological and air quality information useful to short-term regional forecasts of high impact weather events. This presentation will highlight each of the SHOUT components along with plans for maturing the technology readiness of these observing strategies for evaluation and potential transition into operations by NWS.